Top | Previous | Next | Text Only      Home | Resources and Links | Papers and Reports   Papers and Reports by Author   A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W-X, Y-Z This page provides a set of papers and reports listed alphabetically (English order) by author. Click on the title of the paper to obtain a PDF copy of the whole paper or report. To view they you will need a copy of Acrobat Reader, which you can get free from the Adobe website. A Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law Legal Protection of Children in Armed Conflict Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law, ICRC Aeschlimann, Alain The Convention on the Rights of the Child in the 21st Century: securing rights for children in an age of uncertainty Aeschlimann, Alain 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Aluoch, The Hon. Lady Justice Joyce Family Law and Social Change: The African Perspective Aluoch, The Hon. Lady Justice Joyce 2001 World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Angell, Naomi Inter-Country Adoption in England and Wales: The Issues and the Future Angell, Naomi 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Antrum, Michael Representation Principles for Children’s Lawyers Antrum, Michael 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Apio, Eunice The Case of Children Born of the Lord’s Resistance Army-Northern Uganda (Powerpoint Presentation) Apio, Eunice 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Ashtakala, Tara National Plans of Action for Children in Mine-Affected Countries: A Vehicle for Sustaining Mine Action Beyond the Ottawa Convention 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Atwood, Barbara Ann The Voice of the Indigenous Child: Enhancing the Indian Child Welfare Act through the Convention on the Rights of the Child Atwood, Barbara Ann 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 B Bala, Nicholas Testimonial Aids for Children: The Canadian Experience with Closed Circuit Television, Screens and Videotapes Bala, Nicholas 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Banda, Subhadra Raid and Rescue: Will That Be All? Banda, Subhadra; Murali, Varshini and Narayanaswamy, Vidy International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Bates, Prof. Frank Divorce Law Reform in Australia: The Emergence of Fault in the Family Law Act 1975? Bates, Prof. Frank 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Bell, Nancy Young People in Residential School Rights, Communications and ‘Complaints’ Bell, Nancy 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Bessant, Claire The Children’s Commissioner: A Knight in Shining Armour? Bessant, Claire and Smith, Rhona 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Best, Roderick The employment of children in Australia - regulation for its own sake or for the sake of the child Best, Roderick 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Bonthuys, Elsje The Best Interests of Children in the South African Constitution 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Boshier, Judge Peter Can We Protect Children and Protect Their Rights? - Letting Children and Youth Speak Out for Themselves Boshier, Judge Peter 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Care and Protection of Children: New Zealand and Australian Experience of Cross-Border Co-operation Boshier, Peter Principal Family Court Judge 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Bourke, Stephen The New Australian Scheme to Divide Superannuation on Marriage Breakdown Bourke, Stephen 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Bower, Carol A Children’s Bill to heal a nation - addressing the wrongs of the past (Powerpoint Presentation) and Bibliography Bower, Carol 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Broun QC, Malcolm The Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction Broun QC, Malcolm 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Bryant, Hon. Diana Chief Justice Care and Protection of Children: Australian and New Zealand Experience Bryant, Hon. Diana Chief Justice 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Burr, The Hon. Rodney K. From Sydney to Cape Town : The Evolution of the World Congress By the Honourable Justice Rodney K. Burr, Judge, Adelaide Registry, Family Court of Australia C Cameron, Dr Hamish Adjustment of Children Brought to the United Kingdom for Medical, Educational or Social Reasons, and then Adopted Cameron, Dr Hamish 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Carl, Eberhard Judge Giving children their own voice in family court proceedings: A German perspective Carl, Eberhard Judge 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Carmody, Hon. Justice Removing obstructions to justice in Family Court sexual abuse cases Carmody, Hon. Justice 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Chisholm, The Hon. Justice Richard Children’s Participation in Family Court Litigation Chisholm, The Hon. Judge Richard 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Chiva, Touch and Vibol, Op Implementing the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in Cambodia: Experiences in Research and Training (Powerpoint Presentation Chiva, Touch and Vibol, Op 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Clark, Brigitte The South African child’s right to maintenance - A constitutionally enforceable socio-economic right? Clark, Brigitte 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Cleland, A. Under threat: Scotland’s unique welfare-based forum for decisions about children and Powerpoint presentation Cleland, A. 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Cook, Margie Helping Young People to Protect Themselves - An International Network for Child Protection Fowler, Stuart and Margie Cook 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Cooper QC, Jennifer A Child Custody Litigation - Best Practices in Canada Cooper QC, Jennifer A 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Covell, Katherine Implications of the UN Convention for Crime Prevention Howe, Brian and Covell, Katherine 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 The role of the community in implementing children’s rights Covell, Katherine and Howe, R. Brian 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Czapanskiy, Karen Syma Welfare Reform in the United States: Disconnecting Children from Parents Czapanskiy, Karen Syma 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 D Dalley, Marlene L. The Abduction of Children by Strangers in Canada: Nature and Scope National Missing Children Services, National Police Service, Royal Canadian Mounted Police [English] [Français] Dalley, Marlene L. 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Davel, Catharina Exploring the Implications of Article 12 of the United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child for Legal Practice and Legal Process: The Child’s Right to Participate in the Legal Proceedings Davel, Catharina 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 De Jong, Madelene An acceptable, applicable and accessible family-law system for South Africa - some suggestions concerning a family court and family mediation De Jong, Madelene 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Demson, Sandra R. Listening to Children in the Collaborative Process Huddart, Judith L. and Demson, Sandra R. 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Dettmeijer-Vermeulen, Corinne E. Human Trafficking, prostitution, forced labour and the unaccompanied minor. The importance of data collection and the role of the rapporteur Dettmeijer-Vermeulen, Corinne E. International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Dhagamwar, Dr Vasudha Letting Children Really Speak for Themselves Dhagamwar, Dr Vasudha 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Dhar, Prof. Rajib Lochan Child Labour in the Restaurants and Eateries:  A case study of Pune City Dhar, Prof. Rajib Lochan and Joshi, Prof. Rajul International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Dow, Alan Confronting the Problem and Presenting Solutions to Human Trafficking in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (power-point presentatiom) Mangahas, Thetis and Dow, Alan International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Dutschke, Mira Children’s Right to Social Services Dutschke, Mira 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 E Elliott, John D. “Jay” Deciding Destinies: The Lawyer and the Young Client’s Directives: The U.S. Perspective Elliott, John D. “Jay” 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 F Frías-Armenta, Martha and Jasa-Silveira, Graciela An Evaluation of Process Rights applying the U.N. Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice and United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: a Study of Mexican Children Frías-Armenta, Martha and Jasa-Silveira, Graciela 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Fogarty, Hon. John Children First - The Rights of Our Children and Young People By The Hon. Justice Fogarty, A.M. Victorian Council For Civil Liberties, Seminar Series, August 1995 The Hague Convention and International Problems Arising from the Wrongful Removal or Retention of Children By The Hon. Justice Fogarty, A.M. LAWASIA Conference on Children's Rights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, October, 1995 Rights of Children and Young Persons By The Hon. Justice Fogarty, A.M. Australian Rights Congress, Sydney Convention & Exhibition Centre Darling Harbour, Sydney, 16 - 18 February, 1995 Fowler, Stuart Helping Young People to Protect Themselves - An International Network for Child Protection Fowler, Stuart and Margie Cook 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 G Gau, Judge Fehng-Shian The Child Protection System under the Domestic Violence Prevention and Treatment Act of Taiwan Gau, Judge Fehng-Shian 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Giese, Sonja [et. al.] My neighbour tries to help, but she too is in need” Reflecting on realities as we work towards a world fit for children Giese, Sonja [et. al.] 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Goolam, Nazeem Interpretation of the Best Interests Principle in Islamic Family Law Goolam, Nazeem 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Graham, Deborah The Voice of Children: How can we hear it? Graham, Deborah 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Guluma, Fredrick Charles Child Labour, a Threat to the Future Skilled Manpower in Uganda Guluma, Fredrick Charles International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Guyot, Julie Suffer the Children: the need for psychosocial rehabilitation as a function of peace-building Guyot, Julie 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 H Hale of Richmond, Right Honourable Baroness DBE Understanding children’s rights: theory and practice Hale of Richmond, Right Honourable Baroness DBE 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Halliday, Eunice Child Contact Centres Role in Contact Facilitation Halliday, Eunice 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Haralambie, Ann American Bar Association Section of Family Law, Standards of Practice for Lawyers Representing Children in Custody Cases Haralambie, Ann 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 American Bar Association, Standards of Practice for Lawyers Who Represent Children in Abuse and Neglect Cases Haralambie, Ann 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Harper, Mark Disadvantage and Discrimination in Cohabitation Relationships Affecting Children and Adults Harper, Mark 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Harris, Bruce Combating Illegal Adoption and Abuse of Children in Latin America - The Case of Guatamala Harris, Bruce 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Hawthorne, Bruce Children’s rights to be parented by both parents after separation 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Heesterman, Wiebina An Assessment of the Impact of Youth Submissions to the Committee on the Rights of the Child Heesterman, Wiebina 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Henaghan, Mark Children and Lawyers Acting for Children in Legal Proceedings – What does a child’s right to be heard in legal proceedings really mean? Henaghan, Mark 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Henry, Arlene H. Mediating Child Protection Disputes - A Canadian Perspective: Are We Leaving Room for the Child at the Table? Henry, Arlene H. 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Hinchliffe, Mike Child Welfare Proceedings in England and Wales: A CAFCASS Perspective Hinchliffe, Mike 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Hodson, David Family Law and the Institution of Marriage Hodson, David 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Spare the Child and Hit the Pocket: Towards a jurisprudence on domestic abuse as a quantum factor in financial outcomes on relationship break down Hodson. David 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights Hodson, David First published in Family Lawyer, July 2005 Holmes, Susan The Importance of Independence and Neutrality in a Childrens Contact Service to ensure that the Child’s Best Interest is Paramount Holmes, Susan 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Howe, Brian Implications of the UN Convention for Crime Prevention Howe, Brian and Covell, Katherine 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 The role of the community in implementing children’s rights Covell, Katherine and Howe, R. Brian 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Howe, William J. III Finding the Balance: Ethical Challenges and Best Practices for Lawyers Representing Parents when the Interests of Children are at Stake Howe, William J. III 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Huddart, Judith L. Listening to Children in the Collaborative Process Huddart, Judith L. and Demson, Sandra R. 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Hughes, Hon Darren Opening Session Speech Notes Hughes, Hon Darren International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Hussin, Nasimah Juvenile Delinquencies in Malaysia: Legal Provisions and Prospects for Reforms and Powerpoint presentation Hussin, Nasimah 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 I Ibrahim, Norliah The Rights of the Wife to Claim on a Division of Matrimonial Property after Dissolution of Marriage: Malaysian Perspective Ibrahim, Norliah 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Inman, Julie Australian Protect Site www.microsoft.com.au/protect (power-point presentation) Inman, Julie International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 J Jasa-Silveira, Graciela and Frías-Armenta, Martha An Evaluation of Process Rights applying the U.N. Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice and United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: a Study of Mexican Children Jasa-Silveira, Graciela and Frías-Armenta, Martha 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Joshi, Prof. Rajul Child Labour in the Restaurants and Eateries:  A case study of Pune City Dhar, Prof. Rajib Lochan and Joshi, Prof. Rajul International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 K Kabir, Monjurul The State of Violence against Children in Bangladesh Kabir, Monjurul 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Kay, The Hon. Justice The Hague Convention - Order or Chaos? Kay, Hon. Justice 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Kahurananga, Ruth Children Affected by Armed Conflict: Child Rights Law vs Compliance Kahurananga, Ruth 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Kellie, Deborah Bearing witness to the best interests of the child: How the legal system treats children as witnesses in the criminal jurisdiction in Queensland, Australia Kellie, Deborah and Richards, Deborah 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Kimane, Itumeleng Protecting Orphaned Children Through Legislation: The Case of Lestho Kimane, Itumeleng 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Kiremire, Merab Kambamu (Mrs.) Merab Kambamu Kiremire pays Tribute to Graca Machel Kiremire. Merab Kambamu , 2005 The Trafficking of Children for Exploitation Purposes - Africa’s 21st Century Challenge to Child Protection - In the Context of the African Family and Sociatal Responsibilities for the Care and Welfare of Children and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children (CRC) Kiremire, Merab Kambamu (Mrs.) 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Kiura, Bernard N. Non-Formal Education: The Missing Link in the Elimination of Worst Forms of Child Labour in Kenya (power-point presentation) Kiura, Bernard N. International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Kruger, H B Comparing the South African legal response to international standards: is there justice for women and children after sexual abuse? Kruger, H B 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Kruzick, The Hon. Emile R. International Child Abduction and The Canadian Law Kruzick, The Hon. Emile R. 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 L Lamb, Christopher Protecting the most vulnerable: Children living with AIDS Lamb, Christopher 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Lawson, Deborah High School Students’ Perspectives on our Child Abuse Reporting Law Lawson, Deborah 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Leach, Penelope Corporal Punishment at Home: An Issue for Children’s Rights Leach, Penelope 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Leatt, Annie Securing the Means to Live: Children’s Financial Security in South Africa Leatt, Annie and Rosa, Solange 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 LHeureux-Dub, The Hon. Justice Claire Cherishing our Children: The Role of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of Child Abduction LHeureux-Dub, The Hon. Justice Claire 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 M MacPhail QC, Joan A Protecting Children from Domestic Violence: Can Civil Legislation Help? The Canadian Perspective MacPhail QC, Joan A 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Macarov, D. Children’s Villages as a Possible Solution for the World’s Orphans Macarov, D. 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 MacLellan, Marion Child Headed Housholds: Dilemmas of Definition and Livelihood Rights MacLellan, Marion 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Mahgou, Khadeija Parental responsibility under article 27(2) of the UNCRC: An Islamic Shariah Perspective Mahgou, Khadeija 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Mangahas, Thetis Confronting the Problem and Presenting Solutions to Human Trafficking in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (power-point presentatiom) Mangahas, Thetis and Dow, Alan International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Martin, Frank The Ombudsman for Children: An Analysis of the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Irish Model Martin, Frank 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 McCallum, David Aboriginal child removal in Australia - past and present McCallum, David International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 McClelland, Hon Robert Opening Session Speech Notes McClelland, Hon Robert International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 McFarlane QC, Andrew Enforcement of Contact Orders in England and Wales McFarlane QC, Andrew 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Melloy, Sharon D The Rights of the Child: Hong Kong Style and Powerpoint presentation Melloy, Sharon D 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Mhlanga, Roland Edgar Child Labour and Child Exploitation: HIV and its Impact (power-point presentation) Mhlanga, Roland Edgar International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Mohd Zin, Najibah How the Best Interests of the Child is Best Served in Islamic Law with Special Reference to its Application in the Malaysian Shariah Court Mohd Zin, Najibah 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Molankal, Gangabhushan M. Child Labour in India: An Overview Molankal, Gangabhushan M. International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Murali, Varshini Raid and Rescue: Will That Be All? Banda, Subhadra; Murali, Varshini and Narayanaswamy, Vidy International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Murfitt, Catriona The Rights of the Unmarried Father Murfitt, Catriona 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Murray, Kemeri Hon. Justice Medical procedures - is the law effective? BY THE HONOURABLE JUSTICE KEMERI MURRAY, FAMILY COURT OF AUSTRALIA, Family Court of Australia, Third National Conference Hotel Sofitel Melbourne, Tuesday 20 - Saturday 24 October 1998 N Narayanaswamy, Vidya Raid and Rescue: Will That Be All? Banda, Subhadra; Murali, Varshini and Narayanaswamy, Vidy International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Ni, Tian State Report of the Convention on the Rights of the Child - China’s Practice and Views Ni, Tian 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Nicholes, Sally Inter Country Adoption Nicholes, Sally 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Nicholson, Hon. Alastair The 1999 Children's lawyer of the year awards By the Honourable Alastair Nicholson, AO RFD, Chief Justice , Family Court of Australia, Dinner Address to the National Children’s and Youth Law Centre, 22 October 1999, Melbourne A Failure in Leadership? The reluctance to enforce human rights requirements in Australia An address by Professor the Honourable Alastair Nicholson, AO RFD QC. Former Chief Justice of the Family Court of Australia, Honorary Professorial Fellow, University of Melbourne Archbishop Daniel Mannix Memorial Lecture, Newman College, University of Melbourne, Tuesday 6 October 2009 Australian Initiatives: Enforcement in Difficult Contact Cases An Address Presented by the Honourable Alastair Nicholson, AO RFD, Chief Justice , Family Court of Australia, Early Interventions - A Framework for Contact, The Royal Society, London, 27 March 2002 Australian Judicial Approaches to International Human Rights Conventions and "Family Law" An Address Presented by the Honourable Alastair Nicholson, AO RFD, Chief Justice , Family Court of Australia, The Miller Du Toit and The Law Faculty of the University of Western Cape Family Law Conference, THE CHANGING LEGAL DEFINITIONS OF FAMILY, CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA, 26 MARCH 2002, Australian Judicial Approaches to International Human Rights Conventions and "Family Law" Australia's Children: Does the Law Offer Them Sufficient Protection? The 21st Lionel Murphy Memorial Lecture, Parliament House, Sydney, Wednesday 28 November 2007 Berry Street Victoria’s Building a Brighter Future Speech by Alastair Nicholson Chief Justice of the Family Court of Australia at the Berry Street Victoria’s Building a Brighter Future Corporate Luncheon, Thursday, 4 July 2002 Children and Children’s Rights in the Context of Family Law The Honourable Alastair Nicholson, AO RFD, Chief Justice, Family Court of Australia, LAWASIA Conference, Brisbane, CHILDREN AND THE LAW: ISSUES IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION, 2:00 pm, 21 JUNE 2003 , BRISBANE, ADDRESS: CHILDREN AND CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF FAMILY LAW Children and Young People - The Law and Human Rights The Honourable Alastair Nicholson, AO RFD, Chief Justice, Family Court of Australia, The Law Society of the Australian Capital Territory, Sir Richard Blackburn Lecture, 14 May 2002, The Jaeger Room, Australian Academy of Sciences Shine Dome, Canberra Choose To Hug Not Hit An Oration by the Honourable Alastair Nicholson AO RFD QC, Honorary Professorial Fellow, Department of Criminology, University of Melbourne, Former Chief Justice, Family Court of Australia, Patron, Children’s Rights International, to mark, International ‘No Smacking’ Day, Epoch Tasmania, Parliament House, Hobart, 30 April 2007 Court management of cases involving child abuse allegations A Keynote Address by The Honourable Justice Alastair Nicholson AO RFD, Chief Justice, Family Court of Australia, The 7TH Australiasian Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect, 2:00pm, 19 OCTOBER 1999, PERTH The Failure of the Rudd Government’s Aboriginal Policy Stop the Intervention Collective Sydney (STICS) Forum, NSW Teachers Federation Building, 23-33 Mary Street Surry Hills NSW, Monday 29 March 2010 An Address delivered by Professor the Honourable Alastair Nicholson AO RFD QC, Honorary Professorial Fellow, Faculty of Law, University of Melbourne Former Chief Justice, Family Court of Australia Family law in the looking glass By the Honourable Justice Alastair Nicholson, Chief Justice, Family Court of Australia, Opening Address, 2001 Annual Family Law, One-Day Seminar, Sydney, NSW YOUNG LAWYERS, 10 MARCH 2001 Food for thought : the State of Family Law and the Family Court of Australia 2002 By the Honourable Justice Alastair Nicholson, Chief Justice, Family Court of Australia, Law Council of Australia, Family law Section, 10th National Conference, 18 March 2002 Future directions in family law By the Honourable Justice Alastair Nicholson, Chief Justice, Family Court of Australia, Family Law : Processes, practices and pressures, International Society of Family Law, 10TH World Conference, 10 July 2000 Launch of This Is What We Said: Commentary on proposed Legislation purporting to reinstate the provisions of the Racial Discrimination act 1975 in the Northern Territory By Professor the Honourable Alastair Nicholson, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 9 February 2010 The Law of Customary Adoption: A Comparison of Australian and Canadian Approaches to its Legal Recognition Paper delivered by Professor the Honourable Alastair Nicholson AO RFD QC, Founding Patron, Children’s Rights International, Former Chief Justice, Family Court of Australia, Honorary Professorial Fellow, University of Melbourne World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Convention Centre, Halifax Monday 24 August 2009 Medical Issues and the Rights of the Child : An Australian Perspective Nicholson, Hon. Chief Justice Alastair 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Opening Address : The 19th Annual Congress Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiarty, Psychology and Law By The Honourable Justice Alastair Nicholson AO RFD, Chief Justice Family Court of Australia, 17 September 1999, SYDNEY Opening Ceremony Remarks By the Honourable Justice Alastair Nicholson AO RFD, Chief Justice, Family Court of Australia, The 3rd World Congress on Family Law and the Rights of Children, 20th September 2001, Bath, England Promoting the best interests of the child: the case for a Children and Young People’s Commission in Victoria By the Honourable Justice Alastair Nicholson AO RFD, Chief Justice, Family Court of Australia, PRESENTED TO Law Institute Victoria / Pitcher Partners President’s Luncheon 24 October 2002 RACV CLUB, MELBOURNE Remarks by the Honourable Alastair Nicholson AO RFD QC On the Opening of the International Abduction Service By the Chief Justice of the Family Court of Australia The Honourable Diana Bryant Nicholson, the Honourable Alastair East Melbourne, Wednesday 20 October 2005 Resolving property disputes - An Anglo-Australian contrast presented by The Honourable Alastair Nicholson, AO RFD, Chief Justice, Family Court of Australia co-authored with Miss Rebecca Wood Barrister, 1 Mitre Court Buildings, London for The Family Law Practitioners’ Association of Western Australia at Perth Zoo Conference Centre South Perth 16 November 2002 Social Justice: What is The Future in Australia? The Honourable Alastair Nicholson AO, RFD, QC Connections, Child Family and Youth Services, The 21st Annual WJ Craig Lecture, Melbourne, Friday 14 September 2007 A tribute to John Van Duzer By The Hon. Alastair Bothwick Nicholson AO RFD QC, December, 2005 What about the Rights of the Children?: Children and Sexualised Media: Risks, Reviews and Regulation Melbourne, 4 August 2009 Nicholson, C. Oh the shame of it: A first call on available resources for child refugees in South Africa Nicholson, C. 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Niven, David The Exploitation of Children in the Media Niven, David 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Noguchi, Yoshie End of Child Labour: Within Reach (power-power presentation) Noguchi, Y. International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 ILO’s InFocus Programme on Child Labour: Promoting Human Dignity in the World of Work Noguchi, Yoshie 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 ILO standards on Child Labour in relation with the CRC - Enforcement processes and what family law specialists can contribute and Powerpoint presentation Noguchi, Yoshie 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Norrie, Kenneth Mc K. Adoption and the Child’s Right to Identity Norrie, Kenneth Mc K. 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Nygh, The Hon. Peter Review of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of Child Abduction – the March 2001 meeting of the Special Commission By Peter Nygh, Member of the Australian Delegation to the Fourth Review Special Commission 25th Anniversary Conference, Justice, Courts & Community: The Continuing Challenge, Family Courts of Australia, Thursday 26- Sunday 29 July 2001, The Hotel Inter-Continental, 117 Macquarie Street, Sydney NSW 2000  O OBriain, Muireann Preventing the Sexual Exploitation of Children OBriain, Muireann 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 O’Mahony, Conor Domestic Enforcement of the Right to Education: Anglo-Irish Lessons on Constitutionalism O’Mahony, Conor 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Ombasa, Eric Manono Tribal Politics and what it does to Innocent Children Secretary, Nyankongo Self Help Group, Kenya Owasanoye, Prof. Dr. Bolaji Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Nigeria Owasanoye, Prof. Dr. Bolaji 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Ozdowski, Sev Child Migrants and Human Rights in our Time and Powerpoint presentation Ozdowski, Sev 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 P Park, Sola Adolescent Prostitution in Korea : Survey Results and Implications Park, Sola International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Pascoe, John Chief Federal Magistrate AO Trafficking in Unborn Children Pascoe, John AO International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Pearl, His Honour Judge David Working with Children Pearl, His Honour Judge David 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Pope, Anne Minors, Health Care Research and HIV/AIDS Pope, Anne 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Q NO LISTINGS R Radbord, Joanna Protecting a Child’s Relationship with all of Her Mommies Radbord, Joanna 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Rahman, Sadikur Urbanization, Rural to Urban Migration and The Street Children in Hazardous Condition: A Case Study in Rajshahi City Sarwar, Salima and Rahman, Sadikur 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Ranchod, Bhadra HIVAIDS and its Impact on Children in South Africa Ranchod, Bhadra 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Rayner, Moira Blind eyes and ethics overboard : A modest proposal for an Australian human rights regime Moira Rayner Adelaide 13 July 2003 Political pinballs: The plight of child refugees in Australia Moira Rayner Walter Murdoch Lecture, 31 October 2001 Walking away from omelas: what price a just society? Moira Rayner Human Rights and Social Justice Lecture, University of Newcastle, 2 September 2004 Richards, Deborah Bearing witness to the best interests of the child: How the legal system treats children as witnesses in the criminal jurisdiction in Queensland, Australia Kellie, Deborah and Richards, Deborah 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Riddell, Rosemary Protecting Children from Family Violence Riddell, Rosemary International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Robinson, Prof. J A Children in Armed Conflict: An Overview of Relevant Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law Robinson, Prof. J A 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Robinson, Mary Harnessing Energies to Make Children's Rights a Reality Robinson, Mary 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Roth, Paul The difficulty in regulating child labour in developed countries: A New Zealand perspective Roth, Paul International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Rosa, Solange The interpretative use of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in judicial decisions affecting children’s socio-economic rights in South Africa Rosa, Solange 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Securing the Means to Live: Children’s Financial Security in South Africa Leatt, Annie and Rosa, Solange 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Ross, Nicola Agency, Article 12 and Models for Legal Representation of Children in Australia and Powerpoint presentation Ross, Nicola 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Rotlevy, Judge Saviona The Public Committee on Children and the Law and Powerpoint presentation Rotlevy, Judge Saviona 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 S Sandor, Danny Mandatory Detention Means Mandatory Injustice Sandor, Danny 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Sardar, Riffat Protection of Children from Exploitation, Abuse and Violence through Legal Reform: The Child Protection Bill, Pakistan Sardar, Riffat International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Sato, Takafumi International Maintenance and Child Support Enforcement: Do We Need a New Convention? Sato, Takafumi 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Schutte, Flip Child Witnesses in the Criminal Justice System in South Africa: An Overview of Proposals for Reform Schutte, Flip 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Ser, Sharon A. Hong Kong – an idiosyncratic view of what the “best interests of the child” might mean in the context of Human Rights in Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of the Peoples Republic of China by Sharon A. Ser, Solicitor, Hong Kong, 2001 Seth, Leila Education as a Tool to Eradicate Child Labour Seth, Leila 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Scarpa, Silvia The Worst Face of the World: Trafficking in Minors Scarpa, Silvia 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Schepard, Andrew Law and Children Schepard, Andrew New York Law Journal, 12th May 2005 Sarwar, Salima Urbanization, Rural to Urban Migration and The Street Children in Hazardous Condition: A Case Study in Rajshahi City Sarwar, Salima and Rahman, Sadikur 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Siehr, Prof. Kurt Improving the International Recovery of Maintenance Siehr, Prof. Kurt 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Shone, Dr Margaret Parcelling the Child in Family Disputes: Whose Wishes? Shone, Dr Margaret 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Singer, The Hon. Mr Justice Peter Steps towards enhanced mutual understanding with Muslim Communities: The UK-Pakistan Judicial Protocol and other initiatives Singer, The Hon. Mr Justice Peter 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Skelton, Ann No Dumping: litigating for the proper treatment of unaccompanied foreign children in South Africa Skelton, Ann 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Smith, Rhona The Children’s Commissioner: A Knight in Shining Armour? Bessant, Claire and Smith, Rhona 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Smits, V.M. Children in detention in the Netherlands Smits, V.M. 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Spector, Prof. Robert Towards an Accommodation of Divergent Jurisdictional Standards for the Determination of Maintenance Obligations in Private International Law Spector, Prof. Robert 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Sund, Lars-Göran The Rights of the Child as Legally Protected Interests Sund, Lars-Göran 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Swindells QC, Heather The European Convention on Human Rights and its Impact on the Family: the Human Rights Act 1998 (UK) Swindells QC, Heather 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 T Taylor, Grant CHI Advocacy Taskforce. New Zaeland (power-point presentation) Taylor, Grant International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Tedam, Mrs. Prospera Child Domestic Labour-The invisible thief of children’s rights in Ghana Tedam, Mrs. Prospera International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Thorpe, The Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Matthew Medical Experts in Family Proceedings Thorpe, The Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Matthew 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Relocation – The Search for Common Principles: The Problem Thorpe, The Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Matthew 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Timms, Judith Can we protect children and protect their rights?: Letting children and youth speak out for themselves Timms, Judith 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Tiranagama, Kalyananda Juvenile Justice and Prosecution of Child Abusers: Abuse of the Rights of Children in the Judicial Process 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Trew, John Galvanizing Communities to End Child Labor, Caution Children at Work Trew, John International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Trussler, Hon. Madam Justice Marguerite Changing Relationships: How the Law and Governments Have Accommodated Them: A Canadian Perspective Trussler, Hon. Madam Justice Marguerite 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Turner, S.M. A Taxonomy of Child Labour Turner, S.M. International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 U UNICEF State of the World’s Children 2005 UNICEF December 2004 United Nations A more secure world: our shared responsibility Report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change United Nations A/59/565, General Assembly, 29 November 2004 V Vandekerckhove, Ankie A Commissioner for Children’s Rights in the Flemish Community in Belgium Vandekerckhove, Ankie 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Van Der Waarden, Natalie Regulation of Child Employment in Western Australia Van Der Waarden, Natalie International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 Van Rensburg, Linda Jansen The Child's right to social security – South Africa's NON compliance with its constitutional and international duties Van Rensburg, Linda Jansen 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 The denial of the South African government to provide child headed households with social assistance grants, 2005 Ventrell, Marvin Legal Representation of Children in Abuse and Neglect Cases in the United States Ventrell, Marvin 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Vernon, Mary Stockdale Defence for Children International-Canada: “The Voice of the Child” Vernon, Mary Stockdale 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Vibol, Op and Chiva, Touch Implementing the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in Cambodia: Experiences in Research and Training (Powerpoint Presentation Vibol, Op and Chiva, Touch 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Vilches, Judge Nimfa Cuesta Trafficking In Women And Children Vilches, Judge Nimfa Cuesta 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Villarreal, Maria E. Children Sexual Exploited in Central America Villarreal, Maria E. 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Vinkovic, Dr. Mario Child Labour from the EU Perspective (power-point presentation) Vinkovic, Dr. Mario International Conference on Child Labour and Child Exploitation, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, 2008 W-X Walker, Janet Children and legal Processes Walker, Janet 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Wardle, Prof. Lynn D The Forest and the Trees: Issues in Domestic and International Adoption Wardle, Prof. Lynn D 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Webster, Glenda The Legal Protection of Children Against Maltreatment in South Africa Webster, Glenda 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Williams, Judge R James If Wishes Were Horses, Then Beggars Would Ride: Child Preferences and Custody/Access Proceedings Williams, Judge R James 3rd World Congress on Family Law and Rights of Children and Youth, Bath, England, 20 - 22 September 2001 Y-Z Yeatman, Lucy Discrimination and the children of gay parents Yeatman, Lucy 4th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights, Cape Town, South Africa, 20 – 23 March 2005 Disclaimer The views expressed in the papers and reports provided this section of the site are those of the Author. 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